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A new Te Aroha emerges from the ashes

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Silver Fern Farms' Te Aroha exterior.Two years after Silver Fern Farms’ Te Aroha beef processing operation was destroyed by fire in December 2010, a state of the art facility opened in December and is up and running in its place.

Silver Fern Farms’ new $67m Te Aroha plant is a hot-boned beef processing operation designed for best practice processing of manufacturing cows, bulls, steers and heifers from farmer suppliers across the Waikato region.

It joins a network of 23 Silver Fern Farms processing facilities employing over 7,000 staff throughout the country. Te Aroha will employ up to 380 staff when operating at full capacity with two shifts in peak season with an annual capacity of 125,000 cattle.

At the plant’s official opening in December last year, Silver Fern Farms chief executive, Keith Cooper, said the new design reflected the company’s focus on plant economics and best practice processing and the investment was testament to the co-operative’s strong confidence in the sector.

The plant has been designed in consultation with internationally recognised experts in process layout and ergonomics. It is compliant with New Zealand, EU, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Chinese hygiene requirements and also to halal standards for the Middle East, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Te Aroha incorporates the latest meat processing technologies; including sophisticated traceability and yield measurement systems.

Te Aroha, December 2013: Computerised Marel Streamline technology monitors meat as it passes through slaughter, grading and boning processes. The plant is configured with a custom-designed two-level Milmeq slaughterboard. Extensive use is made of RFID tags, with scanning stations at slaughter, grading and boning stages, monitored through the new Marel Streamline computerised deboning and trimming system. The process has been designed for complete traceability and to enable Silver Fern Farms to closely monitor key production indicators.

Rapid feedback

This system has the capability to deliver rapid feedback to plant staff on how closely they are meeting customer requirements for particular cuts. This fits with Silver Fern Farms’ plate-to-pasture strategy where consumer requirements are driving process improvements in order for the company to extract higher value returns from products.

This data collection is underpinned by the Primary Growth Partnership FarmIQ joint venture programme – an investment of $151 million by Silver Fern Farms, Landcorp Farming, Tru-Test Group and the Ministry of Primary Industries.

Over the seven years of the programme the aim is to integrate the red meat value chain to maximise returns to farmer partners.

For farmers, information collected at the Te Aroha plant on meat yield and quality can be used to inform farm management decisions as they look for avenues to lift farm system performance. This information can also be married with information from the insights FarmIQ will bring from consumers so farmers can produce to target higher-value returns from specific consumers.

Trimming to specification

Boning room technology at SFF Te Aroha.Following break-down and deboning, the primal cuts are distributed to work stations on the trimming line, based on operator availability. They are then trimmed according to individual specifications and all cuts are fully traceable. The automated conveyor system will enable Silver Fern Farms to closely monitor and control critical key production indicators in real time throughout the complete processing cycle. These include yield, throughput, cutting performance, giveaway and loss of sales. These are automatically registered and monitored for the entire line as well as for the individual operator, using Innova intelligent production control software.

Provision has been made for future installation of technologies including robotic bagging.

Sustainability top-of-mind

Eco-efficiency and sustainability were top-of-mind considerations. As a result, the new plant uses significantly less electricity and water per head and discharges less effluent per animal processed, setting new benchmarks in line with global customer requirements.

Keith Cooper says the rebuild gives the company an opportunity to review the environmental footprint of the operation. “Our focus is improving environmental efficiency while reducing costs through better use of resources and reduction of waste.”

The plant has also been orientated to ensure noisy areas and truck movements are at the centre or the rear of the plant, away from neighbours. Every effort has been made to reduce noise coming from the plant, even to the point that refrigeration equipment, undamaged by the fire, was relocated.

Health and safety focus

Te Aroha, December 2013: Trim stations are individually tailored for each workeer's reach to meat, height and access to work stations.Health and safety was another major focus for the company when developing the specifications for the new facility. Process areas have been designed to minimise workstation hazards. A suite of solutions to minimise lifting, turning and carrying were factored into the design. The boning room has European-designed workstations intended to maximize productivity by minimising operator fatigue and discomfort. At trim stations adjustable work heights, reach to meat and easy access to work positions make for a safer and more comfortable work environment for staff.

Separate viewing areas let people observe the slaughter and boning processes without interfering with workers on the floor. The plant layout also factors in separation between pedestrian and heavy vehicle movement areas to provide a safer environment for people.

Throughout the rebuilding process, Silver Fern Farms endeavoured to provide alternative options for staff whose livelihoods were affected by the fire, to the extent of making positions available at other company plants in the North Island and providing accommodation supplements in the early stages. The company’s significant capital spend also has provided positive spin-offs to the local economy as a result of the number of contractors throughout the region engaged during the course of construction.

Cooper says the co-operative’s loyal farmer-suppliers in the area were particularly supportive of the company through the re-build.

“We are grateful to those suppliers who have stood by us and persevered while we got the new plant up and running – we know the disruption has been an inconvenience for many. But we are enthusiastic about the service levels and advantages we can now offer them as a result of our investment.”

Pictured at the Te Aroha opening are (left to right): local MP Scott Simpson; John Key; Eoin Garden chairman Silver Fern Farms; Keith Cooper, chief executive Silver Fern Farms; Kevin Winders, chief operating officer Silver Fern Farms.

Pictured at the Te Aroha opening are (left to right): local MP Scott Simpson; John Key; Eoin Garden chairman Silver Fern Farms; Keith Cooper, chief executive Silver Fern Farms; Kevin Winders, chief operating officer Silver Fern Farms.

 

This article has appeared in Food NZ magazine (February/March 2013) and is reproduced here with permission.

Is this the year for a sheepmeat strategy, asks Barber?

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Allan BarberIs this the year for a sheepmeat strategy, asks meat industry commentator Allan Barber in his latest column. The key question for the meat industry this year is whether anybody will make any money, he writes.

After last season when farmers enjoyed unprecedented procurement prices and the meat companies lost millions of dollars as a result, prices have headed south and look set to remain there for the foreseeable future.

Sheepmeat is the product most under threat with the traditional markets all showing serious signs of indigestion. As an example, a US importer has been reported as saying he has a year’s worth of inventory and can’t buy any more and neither is anyone else. This signals a major problem for middle cuts like lamb racks, while Europe isn’t exactly rushing to buy any product either.

This explains the amount of cheap sheepmeat available on our domestic market, although unfortunately local consumers have been turned off buying lamb as a standard part of their diet by last year’s high prices – no different from the rest of the world; and expecting New Zealand’s minute population to absorb any significant part of the oversupply is a bit like expecting Fiji to win the World Cup or the Black Caps to win the series in South Africa for that matter.

Beef may resist the worst of the price downturn because US demand remains steady against a backdrop of falling domestic cow numbers and consequently an increased share for imported beef. Asian demand will also remain firm, while New Zealand exporters may be able to pick up some of Australia’s market share, as Australian supply to the USA is anticipated to take the lion’s share of the increase there.

But even beef will continue to struggle under the impact of our dollar which is set obstinately at about 84 US cents with the greenback unlikely to strengthen at all, unless Congress can agree on a fiscal solution to the enormous American debt problem. In spite of averting the fall over the fiscal cliff, the US really hasn’t solved its long-term problem, merely postponed a decision.

The main difficulty for sheepmeat is the amount of inventory held by wholesalers and exporters which is waiting to be sold into a market which doesn’t need it and, even if it did, can’t afford to pay a price for it which will compensate for our exchange rate sitting at 52p and 0.63 Euro. This inventory problem will only be exacerbated by another season’s production which will hit its peak in less than three months.

If my pessimistic assessment is even only half correct, 2013 bears all the signs of an extremely difficult season for all participants in the sector. MPI’s forecast for farm incomes, down on last year, is still reasonably positive at least in historical terms, but it must come under pressure from any further price drops or cost increases. There is most unlikely to be any spare cash around.

After the beating taken last season by the processors, shown factually in the annual accounts of Silver Fern Farms, Alliance and Blue Sky Meats, and by implication in the results of the others, all the meat companies will be under pressure to get back into the black. The only way they can achieve this is to reduce procurement costs, increase operational efficiencies and sell inventory into the market, preferably with a profit margin on what it cost them.

This last one will be by far the hardest. There is already plenty of evidence of product being offered at very competitive, or silly, prices in spite of Keith Cooper’s claim before Christmas that working capital tied up in inventory is ‘good’ debt because it restrains companies from dumping product. Now if that isn’t a case of making a virtue out of necessity, I don’t know what is.

Logically if there is an inventory problem, it makes sense to quit it at the going rate rather than waiting for the market to recover by which time there will be more inventory in the freezer tying up more working capital.

The meat industry is becoming increasingly a division between sheep (very hard to make a consistent profit) and beef (quite or extremely profitable, mostly because of the livestock sourced from the dairy industry). Those companies which specialise in beef from dairy regions, notably Greenlea and Universal, appear to be very profitable without interference from the volatility of sheepmeat pricing.

Alliance has traditionally been the outstanding performer among the processors with a commitment to the sheep industry. Silver Fern Farms has reinvented itself as a company with a significant beef business which has reduced its vulnerability. But as last season’s results showed, the sheepmeat business placed serious pressure on their balance sheets which will inevitably continue throughout this year.

This may be the year when some serious strategic thinking is applied to finding a viable industry model for sheepmeat alone, instead of trying to find a single solution for the meat industry as a whole.

This column has appeared in NZ Farmers Weekly and interest.co.nz and is reproduced here with permission. Allan also has his own blog Barber’s Meaty Issues.

 

May for US-NZ Pacific Partnership Forum

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The US-NZ 2013 Pacific Partnership Forum will be held in Washington, DC from May 19 – 21 at the Grand Hyatt Hotel. The Forum will bring together New Zealand and US game-changing leaders from business, government, and non-profit organisations to explore the next opportunities for economic growth and cooperation.

Organised by the United States | New Zealand Council in Washington, DC and the NZUS Council in New Zealand, the two-day meeting will focus on the two countries’ shared interests and complementary visions for the future.

The success stories and vision of both NZ and US companies will be prominently featured.

“Today’s NZ – US relationship is about leadership, innovation and a readiness to be a catalyst for positive change in the world”, said William Maroni, president of the US | NZ Council.

“By showcasing examples of real innovation, next year’s Forum will help inform, inspire and shape the next generation of though leaders in business and public policy.”

The 2013 Forum will be the fifth gathering of its kind. It comes at a time when countries and companies will compete to discover, define and deliver the next opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region. The Forum also occurs at a time when newly-appointed Members of President Obama’s Cabinet and newly-elected Members of the U.S. Congress will be defining their goals for the next two to four years.

Stephen Jacobi“Next May is likely to be a particularly important time in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations,” said Stephen Jacobi, executive director of the NZUS Council.

“The 2013 Pacific Partnership Forum will foster the type of dialogue that can help move TPP to a successful completion.”

New Zealand and the United States are influential global voices for open markets, regional growth and stability, individual freedoms, and a sustainable environment.  The 2013 Forum will build on this legacy by focusing on Asia-Pacific issues.  The program will include dynamic keynote presentations, diverse panel discussions, valuable networking opportunities, executive-level exchanges, and a variety of social and cultural activities.

Exclusive sponsorship opportunities to host specific portions of the Forum are available, and the event is open to interested parties.  For more information, contact [email protected].

American sheep farmers suffering even more than here

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Allan BarberIt’s tougher in the US for sheepfarmers, Allan Barber has found.

An article headlined ‘Drought, high feed costs hurt sheep ranchers,’ appeared last Friday in the Northern Colorado Business Report, he writes in his latest blog posting. It makes the problems being experienced currently by New Zealand sheep farmers look comparatively pretty small.

This isn’t meant to denigrate the difficulties here, but it puts things in context. One rancher has cut his 2,000 head flock by a third and is losing US$80 on every lamb he sells. According to the article, drought, consolidation of the sheep-packing business, increased feed costs and plummeting lamb prices have created hardship among sheep ranchers across Northern Colorado. The situation has deteriorated so much for ranchers that the federal government is investigating whether meat packers have played a role in the market’s collapse.

In 2011 lamb prices soared above US$2 per pound, or about NZ$5.25 a kilo. But today the same lambs fetch only 85 cents per pound (NZ$2.20), while rearing a lamb costs more than $1.30 per pound (NZ$3.40 a kilo). Feed costs have also risen from $250 per ton of grain in 2011 to $400 in 2012.

As lamb prices declined in 2012 demand also softened, causing the US Department of Agriculture to buy $10 million worth of lamb as a drought relief measure. An insurance policy designed to insulate ranchers against fluctuating lamb prices is too expensive at present price levels.

There is also a suspicion that the packers may have been manipulating the market by buying lamb supplies and holding them on feedlots to guard against being caught with insufficient stock to process profitably. This is apparently in violation of the Packers and Stockyards Act which prohibits price manipulation.

A further disadvantage is the fact Japan has been closed as an export market for sheepmeat for 10 years because of mad cow disease – I’m not sure why this was the case, as sheep were not the problem and lambs are too young to pose a risk.

The USDA has asked for any evidence of price manipulation by the packers, as it ‘takes allegations of anti-competitive behaviour very seriously.’ But it doesn’t look as though there will be any relief for sheep farmers any time soon because of low consumer demand and the high cost of feed as a result of the drought.

None of this will be any comfort to New Zealand sheep farmers, especially with the implications for export demand from the USA, but at least our exporters have developed a much broader range of markets for sheepmeat and co-products. This spreads the risk for producers. Equally farmers here don’t have the same worries about feed costs, as the vast majority of sheep and lamb feed generally grows naturally as a result of regular rain.

That said, it is important for New Zealand’s sheep industry, as distinct from its beef industry, to develop a strategy which can ensure our industry doesn’t fall into the same hole as that of Colorado.

Allan Barber is a meat industry and agribusiness commentator. This article has appeared at www.interest.co.nz and also at Allan’s own blog Barber’s Meaty Issues.

Outlook cloudy for 2013

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Allan BarberHappy New Year to you all. Meat industry commentator Allan Barber has already had his head down thinking about what’s likely to pan out for the industry later in 2013.

His latest blog, which also appears at www.interest.co.nz, talks of a weak US dollar, weak export demand and low prices for Kiwi producers. However, Allan’s picking that there will be less effect on New Zealand beef than on sheepmeat and he foresees more pressure on lamb this year.

Looking globally, he sees aversion of the fiscal cliff in the US, will allow US economic recovery to emerge, will also allow recovery in China and for Europe to “move further back from its own economic disaster”. In turn, both New Zealand and Australia should avoid the worst impact of an extended downturn in main markets, he says.

His “big questions” for 2013 are whether all meat companies will survive the year and whether the increasing use of farm data will assist the co-operation between farmer and meat processor. Read more …

‘Momentous’ US/NZ food safety agreement signed

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Ministry for Primary Industries deputy director-general standards Carol Barnao (left) and US Food and Drug Administration deputy commissioner for food Michael R Taylor sign a systems recognition agreement at a meeting in Washington DC.

Ministry for Primary Industries deputy director-general standards Carol Barnao (left) and US Food and Drug Administration deputy commissioner for food Michael R Taylor sign a systems recognition agreement at a meeting in Washington DC.

New Zealand this week became the first country in the world to sign an agreement with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that recognises each other’s food safety systems as providing a comparable degree of food safety assurance.

Meat exporters will welcome the move, which will enable

streamlining of product to the market – New Zealand’s top destination for beef, fifth largest for venison and fourth largest for lamb – through the reduction of red tape and costs.

The Food Safety Systems Recognition Arrangement was signed at a meeting in Washington DC by delegations from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and FDA.

“This is momentous for MPI as it is the first time the FDA has recognised another country’s food safety system as comparable to its own,” says MPI deputy director-general standards, Carol Barnao.

“The arrangement with New Zealand is part of an overall strategy for strengthening the global food safety net through closer collaboration with regulators around the world, highlighted in FDA’s report Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality,” FDA’s Deputy Commissioner for Food Michael R Taylor says.

Carole Barnao says both countries have done a huge amount of work ahead of this week’s signing.

“This process has included a comprehensive review of each country’s relevant laws and regulations, inspection programmes, response to food-related illness and outbreaks, compliance and enforcement and laboratory support.

“In one calendar year, FDA and New Zealand officials spent an intensive period of time together including visiting production plants, cold-store facilities, verifiers and accreditation authorities looking at the effectiveness of how each other’s preventative controls and verification systems worked.”

Barnao explains that both countries intend to use the agreement to lessen the potential regulatory burden for foods traded between the countries by removing unnecessary duplication of activities.

The agreement covers all foods and animal feeds regulated by the FDA, which equates to $1.5 billion of New Zealand’s current exports of primary products.

“Systems recognition agreements are very important for MPI to help us achieve one of our key strategic goals of maximising export opportunities through other countries’ recognition of the credibility of our food safety controls,” Barnao says.

Businesses call for urgent action to conclude TPP in 2013

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Business representatives from four economies – US, NZ, Canada and Australia – have met in Auckland to press for more urgency in concluding the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations currently underway.

“In September business representatives from across the TPP member economies urged governments to conclude an ambitious, comprehensive and high standard outcome in 2013,” says Cal Cohen, president of the Emergency Committee for American Trade (ECAT) speaking on behalf of the US Business Coalition for TPP.

“We are glad this call has been taken on board and we express our strong support for this goal.  It is now time for negotiators to tackle the more sensitive issues to ensure this deadline can be met.”

“TPP has the capacity to change the way business is done in the Asia Pacific region.  This is what is needed to grow economies and create jobs,” says Stephen Jacobi, executive director of the NZ US Council and NZ International Business Forum.

“We appreciate the task is complex but we urge negotiators meeting in Auckland this week to accelerate their efforts and narrow their differences so the benefits of TPP can be brought forward at a time of increasing economic difficulty.”

“Canada is joining the TPP negotiations for the first time here in Auckland and is determined to participate in a way that builds consensus for a strong outcome,” said Kathleen Sullivan, executive director of the Canadian Agri-food Trade Alliance (CAFTA).

“Our immediate priorities are addressing the proliferation of non-tariff barriers which impede trade and issues like rules of origin that can prevent trade occurring even when free trade agreements (FTAs) are put in place. There is a lot at stake for Canada in TPP and we are glad to be participating as one of eleven APEC economies.”

“Australia has a lot to gain from a successful outcome to TPP which can provide an opportunity to reduce the complexity associated with the noodle bowl of over-lapping and contradictory FTAs in the region,” said Bryan Clark, director, trade and international affairs, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI).

“Simplification of the supply chain will translate into reduced business costs and increase the time in which products move around the region.  That can only advantage businesses and consumers and lead to better economic outcomes for all member economies.”

Asia Pacific business organisations have earlier reaffirmed their view that a successful TPP will be:

  • Comprehensive – with no product exclusions and with commercially meaningful and flexible rules of origin.
  •  High quality – with strong standards across all main areas, from transparency, investment and government procurement to intellectual property, e-commerce and sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
  • Ambitious – with the elimination of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on trade in goods and services and investment no later than 2020, the deadline set for free and open trade and investment in the Bogor goals.
  • Innovative – with concrete new commitments on new generation and behind the border issues, including eliminating chokepoints in the operation of regional supply and value chains, fostering small and medium-sized business participation in expanding trade, facilitating regulatory coherence and promoting and protecting innovation.
  • Enforceable – with clear commitments, and strong and transparent state-to-state and investor-to-state dispute settlement mechanisms.
  • A living agreement – open to accession by other Asia-Pacific economies, provided these economies share TPP’s ambitious vision and can demonstrate their ability to accede to an agreement with the characteristics described above.

Business representatives from TPP member economies will join government negotiators and other representatives of civil society at a Stakeholder Forum in Auckland tomorrow (7 December).

Global meat industry hurting, signs show …

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The New Zealand meat industry isn’t the only one suffering around the globe as news reports this week are showing signs of hurting businesses and a changing global scene.

In addition to Vion pulling out of the UK – a reflection of the tough trading conditions, says an item in meatinfo.co.uk – the Canadian pork industry has been warning of massive losses, according to an item in Globalmeatnews.com.

In the US, concern was also noted in a recent Wall Street Journal article “Meat firms face hit to plump profits’ as massive global meat processor Tyson Foods prepared to report its quarterly figures. However, Tyson’s results came out on Monday carrying an optimistic note for the next three years and shares rallied by nearly 10%. The company says it will focus on prepared foods and value-added poultry to “weather the anticipated increase in feed costs during the coming year” (meatandpoultry.com).

In the UK, a management buy-in from previous owner ANM has saved struggling meat processor Yorkshire Premier Meats, says foodmanufacture.co.uk, while another ANM-owned company, Scotch Premier Meats, cut 30 jobs in May.

Meanwhile, JBS SA is planning to build six more plants in Brazil on the basis of growing global demand, with a focus on grass-fed beef, reports MENAFN.com. However, foot and mouth disease continues to hold Brazilian beef exports back from Asian markets.

India was forecast by Rabobank’s global arm last week to become the world’s biggest beef exporter next year. Basing its claim on United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) figures, exports of buffalo meat from India are expected to rise to two million tonnes as Indian dairy farmers slaughter unproductive animals from their large and expanding dairy herd in response to high prices for meat.

Business as usual for exports to US, with TPP next focus

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It’s business as usual for New Zealand meat exporters following the re-election of United States President Obama for another four year term, but it’s not time to relax.

Prime Minister John Key has already congratulated the President on his “hard fought victory” and re-election, tweeting last night that he looks forward to further developing the close and enduring relationship between the two countries.

“There will be many opportunities to enhance the relationship, which is built on shared values and a commitment to improve the prosperity and well-being of our people through initiatives such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).”

Two-way trade with the US is valued at over $8 billion and the US is a leading source of investment, innovation and business ideas, says the NZ US Council. It is actively engaged in co-ordinating business and government efforts towards concluding a comprehensive, high quality result to the TPP negotiations.

NZUS Council executive director Stephen Jacobi comments that now the election has been decided, it’s positive news for exporters that there will be some certainty over the next four years.

“It’s business as usual for the relationship.”

President Obama will be very energised over his second term he notes. However, that the President will have to work hard on bringing the Republicans with him.

“The TPP initiative is good, in that it is something that can unite both sides, which will have a positive impact on the negotiations.”

The President’s biggest challenge is the state of the US economy, currently facing a ‘fiscal cliff’, and his ability to avoid a complete gridlock between Senate with its Democrat majority and the primarily Republican House of Representatives.

“How he deals with that has implications for New Zealand meat exporters as it will impact on the exchange rate,” says Jacobi, adding that one of the current US solutions – printing money – is bringing the value of their dollar down but is forcing the Kiwi dollar up, making it difficult for New Zealand exporters to operate.

With the Republicans advocating for more farm subsidies, keeping an eye on progress in the US Farm Bill will be important for New Zealand meat exporters too.

The focus now is the next TPP round of talks which take place in Auckland 3-12 December with New Zealand in the chair and hundreds of negotiators from around the Asia-Pacific attending the meeting. It is fortunate that the chief US negotiator remains unchanged, with Barbara Weisel remaining in her position. However, it’s important to note everything won’t be finalised at that meeting. “It’s a continuing process but Auckland will set out how negotiations will roll out in 2013,” says Jacobi, adding that 2013 is expected to see finalisation of the agreement.

Beef will be on the agenda as Canada and Mexico join the table as full members for the first time. Jacobi says he will also be interested to see how other economies, such as Japan, react to the election news as it may speed up their entry to the trade agreement.

The concern for Jacobi is the anti-globalisation movement, which is expected to be active around the time of the talks. He calls for industry, companies and farmers to stand together to explain why it’s important for New Zealand to be in the trade negotiations.

“We need to add our voice to the multitude in support of the negotiations,” he says.

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The US election may bring little change to the Senate agriculture committee with the Democrats retaining control according to Food Business News, while retirements factor into the House of Representatives’ agriculture committee with the Republicans maintaining control there. The finance committees face a similar scenario, says Jacobi. It is likely, however, that there will be a new US trade adviser. Mike Froman, currently assistant to the President and deputy national security adviser for international economic affairs – and a former Harvard classmate of Obama’s – is hotly tipped for the job.

 

 

Global meat production and consumption curbed

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A new United States report looks at how disease and drought have curbed global meat production and consumption, notes shifts in geographical areas of production, calls for lowering individual meat consumption and for meat production to be “reconnected to the land and its natural carrying capacity”.

Global meat production rose to 270 million tonnes (297 million short US tons) in 2011, an increase of 0.8 percent over 2010 levels, and is projected to reach 270 million tonnes (302 million tons) by the end of 2012, according to new research conducted by the Washington DC-based Worldwatch Institute’s Nourishing the Planet project (www.worldwatch.org) for the Institute’s Vital Signs Online service.

In comparison, the report shows that meat production rose 2.6 percent in 2010 and has risen 20 percent since 2001. Record drought in the U.S. Midwest, animal disease outbreaks, and rising prices of livestock feed all contributed to 2011 and 2012′s lower rise in production, write report authors Danielle Nierenberg and Laura Reynolds.

Also bucking a decades-long trend, meat consumption decreased slightly worldwide in 2011, from 42.5 kilograms (kg) per person in 2010 to 42.3 kg, the authors note. Since 1995, however, per capita meat consumption has increased 15 percent overall; in developing countries, it increased 25 percent during this time, whereas in industrialised countries it increased just two percent. Although the disparity between meat consumption in developing and industrialised countries is shrinking, it remains high: the average person in a developing country ate 32.3 kg of meat in 2011, whereas in industrialised countries people ate 78.9 kg on average.

Pork was the most popular meat in 2011, accounting for 37 percent of both meat production and consumption, at 99 million tonnes (109 million tons), the report notes. This was followed closely by poultry meat, with 92 million tonnes (101 million tons) produced. Yet pork production decreased 0.8 percent from 2010, whereas poultry meat production rose three percent, making it likely that poultry will become the most-produced meat in the next few years.

The report also says that production of both beef and sheepmeat stagnated between 2010 and 2011, at 61 million and 12 million tonnes (67 million and 13 million tons), respectively

.A breakdown of meat production by geographic region reveals the dramatic shift in centres of production from industrialised to developing countries over the last decade. “In 2000, for example, North America led the world in beef production, at 12 million tonnes (13 million tons), while South America produced 11 million tonnes (12 million tons) and Asia 9.1 million tonnes (10 million tons). By 2011, North America had lowered its beef output by 180,000 tonnes (200,000 tons) and was overtaken by both South America and Asia, which produced 14 million  and 15 million tonnes (15 million and 17 million tons), respectively.”

The United Nations Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO) puts the slowdown in growth in industrial countries to rising production costs, stagnating domestic meat consumption and competition from developing countries.

Widespread and intense drought in China, Russia, the US and the Horn of Africa contributed to lower meat production—-and higher prices—-in 2010 and 2011. The combination of high prices for meat products and outbreaks of new and recurring zoonotic diseases – those transmitted between animals and humans – in 2011 curtailed global meat consumption.  In 2011 alone, foot-and-mouth disease was detected in Paraguay, African swine fever in Russia, classical swine fever in Mexico, and avian influenza (H5N1) throughout Asia. According to a 2012 report by the International Livestock Research Institute, zoonoses cause around 2.7 million human deaths each year, and approximately 75 percent of all emerging infectious diseases now originate in animals or animal products.

Many zoonotic disease outbreaks can be traced to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), also known as factory farms. These systems now account for 72 percent of poultry production, 43 percent of egg production, and 55 percent of pork production worldwide.

“Factory farming systems contribute to disease outbreaks in several ways,” says Danielle Nierenberg, report co-author and Worldwatch’s Nourishing the Planet project director. “They keep animals in cramped and often unsanitary quarters, providing a breeding ground for diseases; they feed animals grain-heavy diets that lack the nutrients needed to fight off disease and illness; and many CAFOs feed animals antibiotics as a preventative rather than a therapeutic measure, causing the animals—-and the humans who consume them—-to develop resistance to antibiotics.”

But not all livestock are reared in industrial or mechanised environments. Nearly one billion people living on less than US$2 a day depend to some extent on livestock and many of these people are raising animals in the same ways that their ancestors did.

“Lowering individual meat consumption would alleviate the pressure to produce more and more meat for lower and lower prices, using rapidly dwindling natural resources,” say Nierenberg and Reynolds. “Reconnecting meat production to the land and its natural carrying capacity, as well as reducing meat consumption, can thus greatly improve both public and environmental health.”

Further highlights from the report:

  • Over the last decade, meat production grew nearly 26 percent in Asia, 28 percent in Africa and 32 percent in South America.
  • In 2012, drought and corn crop failures continue throughout the United States, causing the U.S. Department of Agriculture to estimate that by 2013, beef will cost 4-5 percent more than in 2010, pork 2.5-3.5 percent more, and poultry 3-4 percent more.

A full copy of the report can be purchased here.